Japanski jezik

The jōyō [ ō is read as a long o ] (常用漢字) or " regular-use Chinese characters " kanji are established by the Japanese Ministry of Education in 1981. Current jōyō kanji are those on a list of 2,136 characters issued in 2010 (It's constantly modifying, as expected. The list was last time revised on 30 November to include an additional 196 characters and remove 5 characters for a total of 2,136.) These characters are regularly used and you are going to need these in order to read a daily Japanese newspaper. Foreign learners of Japanese also often focus their kanji studies on the jōyō kanji list. The 2,136 kanji in the jōyō kanji consist of: 1,006 kanji taught in primary school (the kyōiku kanji ) 1,130 additional kanji taught in secondary school But, there is more. The Jinmeiyō kanji (人名用漢字, "kanji for use in personal names") consist of the Jōyō kanji plus an additional 983 kanji found in people's names . Then, Hyōgaiji ( 表外字 ? , "unlis...

One of the most important parts of talking to people in Japanese is the honorific system, or what you put at the end of somebody’s name. Honorifics situate people within the Japanese social hierarchy, by showing respect, affection, and humility. Think of Japanese honorifics like calling somebod y as Mr., Madam, or Doctor in English; each has a different level of respect and can be gender-specific. -sama様【さま】 This is the highest honorific you can possibly use and, because of that, you probably won’t be using it much at all. It’s a level of formality that seems a bit absurd, disrespectful, or sarcastic in everyday conversation. -sensei先生【せんせい】 This is another respectful honorific. You’ll mostly hear it used when referring to teachers, but it can be used for talking about other people who are experts in their fields. Doctors, lawyers, and politicians can all be called sensei. -senpai 先輩【せんぱい】 Senpai is an honorific used when talking about more senior or experienced...

Modern Japanese is written in a combination of Kanji, Hiragana and Katakana. The kanas (hiragana and katakana) are relatively easy to learn. Those wishing to study Japanese are well advised to begin by learning to read the kanas. HIRAGANA: Hiragana is used: - to write Japanese words which do not have a kanji, - as a guide to denote sounds of unusual or difficult kanji, - for grammatical particles - for verb and adjective inflictions e.g. 見る (miru, "see") 見た (mita, "saw"). Note that the kanji is the same but the hiragana indicates verb tense. - in furigana which is small hiragana written about kanji characters to indicate sounds (often seen in Japanese language textbooks and childrens story books) Hiragana is smoothly written with flowing curves.  KATAKANA The katakana sounds are the SAME as the hiragana sounds, however they are written differently. Some kana are quite similar looking (e.g. "ka" Hiragana か　Katakana カ) and I therefore learned k...

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday J orthography 日曜日 月曜日 火曜日 水曜日 木曜日 金曜日 土曜日 Hiragana にち ようび げつ ようび か ようび すい ようび もく ようび きん ようび ど ようび Romanisation nichiyōbi getsuyōbi kayōbi suiyōbi mokuyōbi kin'yōbi doyōbi Meaning 'Sun day' 'Moon day' 'Fire day' 'Water day' 'Wood day' 'Gold day' 'Earth day'

1. 自然 しぜん shizen Nature 2. 宇宙 うちゅう uchuu Space/Universe/Cosmos 3. 空 そら sora Sky/Heaven 4. 空気 くうき kuuki Air 5. お日様 おひさま ohisama Sun 6. 太陽 たいよう taiyou Sun 7. 月 つき tsuki Moon 8. 星 ほし hoshi Star 9. 雲 くも kumo Cloud 10. 風 かぜ kaze Wind 11. 雨 あめ ame Rain 12. 雷 かみなり kaminari Thunder 13. 雪 ゆき yuki Snow 14. 石 いし ishi Stone 15. 岩 いわ iwa Rock/Crag 16. 砂 すな suna Sand 17. 土 つち tsuchi Earth/Soil 18. 山 やま yama Mountain 19. 火山 かざん kazan Volcano 20. 丘 おか oka Hill/Knoll 21. 谷 たに tani Valley 22. 崖 がけ gake Cliff 23. 洞窟 どうくつ doukutsu Cave 24. 島 しま shima Island 25. 水 みず mizu Water 26. 海 うみ umi Sea 27. 川/河 かわ kawa River/Stream 28. 波 なみ nami Wave 29. 湖 みずうみ mizuumi Lake 30. 池 いけ ike Pond 31. 井/井戸 い/いど i/ido Water Well 32. 温泉 おんせん onsen Hot Spring 33. 滝 たき taki Waterfall 34. 泉 いずみ izumi Fountain/Spring 35. 地震 じしん jishin Earthquake 36. 津波 つなみ tsunami Tsunami/Tidal Wave 37. 木 き ki Tree/Wood 38. 林 はやし hayashi Wood/Grove 39. 森 もり mori Forest (Bigger than hayashi) 40. 枝 えだ eda...

会う (au) to meet 青 (ao) blue 青い (aoi) blue 赤 (aka) red 赤い (akai) red 明い (akarui) bright 秋 (aki) autumn 開く (aku) to open, to become open 開ける (akeru) to open 上げる (ageru) to give 朝 (asa) morning 朝御飯 (asagohan) breakfast あさって (asatte) day after tomorrow 足 (ashi) foot, leg 明日 (ashita) tomorrow あそこ (asoko) over there 遊ぶ (asobu) to play, to make a visit 暖かい (atatakai) warm

職業 shokugyou Occupation 医者 isha Doctor 看護婦 kangofu Female Nurse 看護師 kangoshi Nurse 歯科医 shikai Dentist 科学者 kagakusha Scientist 美容師 biyoushi Hairdresser/Beauty Artist 教師 kyoushi Teacher 歌手 kashu Singer 運転手 untenshu Driver/Chauffeur 画家 gaka Painter/Artist 芸術家 geijutsuka Artist 写真家 shashinka Photographer 作家 sakka Author/Writer 演説家 enzetsuka Speaker/Orator 演奏家 ensouka Performing Musician 演出家 enshutsukan Producer/Director 建築家 kenchikuka Architect 政治家 seijika Politician 警官 keikan Policeman shefu Chef 裁判官 saibankan Judge 弁護士 bengoshi Lawyer/Attorney 会計士 kaikeishi Accountant 消防士 shouboushi Firefighter/Fireman 兵士 heishi Soldier 銀行員 ginkouin Bank Employee 公務員 koumuin Civil Servant/Government Worker 駅員 ekiin Station Worker/...

揚げ足を取る [あげあしをとる, ageashi o toru] trip up somebody 足が遅い [あしがおそい, ashi ga osoi] be slow; be a slow walker; be slow on one’s feet 足がつく [あしがつく, ashi ga tsuku] leave tracks 足が遠退く [あしがとおのく, ashi ga toonoku] be far away; keep away; visit less often 足が速い [あしがはやい, ashi ga hayai] be fast; be a fast walker; be fast on one’s feet 足が速める [あしがはやめる, ashi ga hayameru] pick up the pace; walk faster 足でまとい [あしでまとい, ashi de matoi] a drag; a person who is a burden 足止めをする [あしどめをする, ashidome o suru] slow down; stop 足取りをする [あしどりをする, ashidori o suru] trip someone up 足並みをそろえて [あしなみをそろえて, ashinami o soroete] cooperate 足元に付け込む [あしもとにつけこむ, ashimoto ni tsukekomu] have a person at a disadvantage 足元の明るいうちに [あしもとのあかるいうちに, ashimoto no akarui uchi ni] a thing should be done before it is too late 足を洗う [あしをあらう, ashi o arau] go straight; become a decent person; turn over a new leaf 足を奪われる [あしをうばわれる, ashi o ubawareru] be deprived of 足を出す [あしをだす, ashi o dasu] reveal a secret; let the cat out of the...

あなたの助けが必要です。 Anata no tasuke ga hitsuyōdesu. I need your help. Words of the sentence; あなたの - anata no - your 助け - tasuke - help, aid, assistance が - ga - (nominative case particle), but (conjunction) 必要です - hitsuyō desu - necessary, required (polite)

えいご で 　だいじょうぶです か 。 Eigo de daijoubu desu ka. (Is English okay?) これ は 　しんじゅくに　いきます か 。 Kore wa Shinjuku ni ikimasu ka.   (Does this go to Shinjuku?) これ は 　しんじゅくに　とまります か 。 Kore wa Shinjuku ni tomarimasu ka. (Does this go to Shinjuku?) やまのてせん は 　どこです か 。 Yamanote-sen wa doko desu ka.   ( Where is Yamanote-Line ? )

Watakushi 私 : Most polite and formal version Watashi 私 : most common. Used more by women than men. Atashi あたし : Mostly used by young females. Sounds cute. Atai 私 : Slang version of "Atashi" Washi わし : Mostly used by older men to younger or lower rank people. Uchi うち : Used mostly by women. A neutral version also refers to "us" (family, company, etc.) as opposed to "them" or "you". Jibun 自分 : Neutral. Refers to the "self", so can be use for "I" or "you". "Jibun no" (自分の) means "my" or "your" and "jibun de" (自分で) means "myself" or "youself". Boku 僕 : Common for younger men (sometimes women). Sounds more refine than "ore". Ore 俺 (also "Ora" in dialect) : Used by virile or older men. Not as polite as "watashi". Oresama 俺様 : Arrogant and rude version of "Ore" Orera 俺ら (also "Oira" in dialect) : Plural...

腕一本ど世を渡る [うでいっぽんどよをわたる, ude ippon do yo o wataru] be fully self-supporting. 腕が嘆く [うでがなげく, ude ga nageku] itch for action; be itching for some action. 腕組みをする [うでぐみをする, udegumi o suru] fold one’s arms. 腕に捻りをかける [うでにひねりをかける, ude ni hineri o kakeru] strain every nerve. 腕のある [うでのある, ude no aru] capable, able. 腕の人 [うでのひと, ude no hito] a person of ability. 腕捲くりする [うでまくりする, ude-makuri suru] roll up one’s sleeves. 腕を組む [うでをくむ, ude o kumu] fold one’s arms.

1. The north facing pillow You should never sleep with your head in North position or you will have a short life (this is the way a body is laid out at Buddist funerals). 2. Clipping nails at night Cutting your fingernails or toenails at night is bad luck. If you do so, i t is believed that you will not be with your parents at their deathbed. 3. Sticking your chopsticks upright in a bowl of rice Chopsticks should not be stuck upright into food, especially rice. Chopsticks are only stuck upright into rice in the bowl on the altar at a funeral. 4. Giving food from chopstick to chopstick Food should never be passed chopstick-to-chopstick as this is done in a ceremony where bone fragments from cremated remains are placed in an urn. This is called "hotokebashi." 5. Whistling at night Many Japanese superstitions come from old folk wisdom—If you whistle or play a flute at night, snakes will come to you.When they say snake, it means a thief. This practically...

1564「人殺し」(ひとごろし/hitogoroshi/ murder; murderer) 1(kunyomi)-hito 5(onyomi)-go 6(onyomi)-ro 4(onyomi)-shi 427「死にな」(しにな/shinina/Don't die) 4(onyomi)-shi 2(onyomi)-ni 7(kunyomi)-na 648 虫歯 (むしば/mushiba/cavity;decayed tooth) 6(kunyomi)-mu 4(onyomi)-shi 8(onyomi)-ba 450「よごれ」(yogore/dirt; filth) 4(kunyomi)-yo 5(onyomi)-go 0(onyomi)-re 931「くさい」(kusai/smelly) 9(onyomi)-ku 3(onyomi)-sa 1(onyomi)-i 315 「最後 」(さいご/saigo/last) 3(onyomi)-sa 1(onyomi)-i 5(onyomi)-go While messaging, Japanese schoolgirls also use the numbers like this（o→0、あい(ai)→I→1） 0840「おはよう」(ohayou/Good morning!) 0(English reading)-o 8(onyomi)-ha 4(kunyomi)-yo 14106「愛してる」(あいしてる/aishiteru/I love you) 1(onyomi)-ai 4(onyomi)-shi 10(English reading)-ten* 6(onyomi)-ro* 724106「何してる」(なにしてる/ nanishiteru/What are you doing?) 7(kunyomi)-na 2(onyomi)-ni 4(onyomi)-shi 10(English reading)-ten* 6(onyomi)-ro* 49「至急」(しきゅう/shikyuu/urgent) 4(onyomi)-shi 9(onyomi)-kyu 888「ハハハ」(hahaha/LOL) 8(onyomi)-ha 889「早く」(...

Monday: getsuyoubi げつ ようび Tuesday: kayoubi か ようび Wednesday: suiyoubi すい ようび Thursday: mokuyoubi もく ようび Friday: kinyoubi きん ようび Saturday: doyoubi ど ようび Sunday: nichiyoubi にち ようび  

"顔"(かお/kao/face) 顔がいい [かおがいい, kao ga ii] be in good standing; have a good reputation 顔が利く [かおがきく, kao ga kiku] have influence; be influential 顔が立ちません [かおがたちません, kao ga tachimasen] have lost face 顔が立つ [かおがたつ, kao ga tatsu] maintain one’s status; keep face 顔がつぶれる [かおがつぶれる, kao ga tsubureru] lose status; have lost status 顔が広い [かおがひろい, kao ga hiroi] know a lot of people; be widely known; have a large circle of acquaintances 顔が汚れる [かおがよごれる, kao ga yogareru] lose status; lose all status 顔から日が出る [かおからひがでる, kao kara hi ga deru] blush deeply; redden in the face 顔に泥を塗る [かおにどろをぬる, kao ni doro o nuru] put to shame 顔の広い人 [かおのひろいひと, kao no hiroi hito] a person with many acquaintances 顔を売る [かおをうる, kao o uru] become more popular; gain influence 顔を売れた人 [かおをうれたひと, kao o ureta hito] a well-known person 顔を貸す [かおをかす, kao o kasu] assist someone in gaining status 顔を出す [かおをだす, kao o dasu] come; arrive; appear; put in an appearance 顔を汚す [かおをよごす, kao o yogosu] be ashame...

ああ (aa) Oh!, Ah! あの (ano) Similar to English er, said when hesitating in speech. Similar to English uh, space filler or pause during conversation. の (no) sound is lengthened as in あのう, あのぉ, or あのー (anō) あばよ (abayo) a casual parting expression; tata, cheerio Synonyms : バイバイ (baibai) では (dewa) じゃあ (jaa) さらば (saraba) さようなら (sayōnara) 失礼します (shitsurei shimasu) それでは (sore dewa) 危ない (あぶない/abunai) Watch out! ありがとう (arigatou) an expression of thankfulness: thank you あれ (are) expression of surprise; oh, huh 彼れ (あれ/are) hey; oh or Look!; There! The hiragana spelling (あれ) is preferred to the kanji spelling (彼れ), which is rarely used. いいえ (iie) No May be considered overly direct. Use of simple declaratives is also possible, such as "違います or 違う"(chigaimasu or chigau). Synonyms : ううん (uun) Antonyms : はい (hai) 痛っ (いたっ/ita) ouch いってきます (ittekimasu) see you later (said by a person leaving, a stock phrase required by the Japanese etiquette, lit.: (after) going,...

ant あり [ari] bear 熊 [kuma] bee みつばち [mitsubachi] bird 鳥 [tori] cat 猫 [neko] cow 雌牛 [meushi] dog 犬 [inu] elephant 象 [zou] fish 魚 [sakana] goat やぎ [yagi] horse 馬 [uma] insect 昆虫 [konchiyuu] lion ライオン [raion] monkey 猿 [saru] pig 豚 [buta] sheep 羊 [hitsuji] snake へび [hebi]

plane 飛行機 [hikouki] bike 自転車 [jitenshiya] train 列車 [retushiya] car 自動車 [jidoushiya] bus バス [basu] subway 地下鉄 [chikatetsu] carriage 馬車 [bashiya] handcart 荷馬車 [nibashiya] streetcar 市内電車 motorcycle オートバイ tractor トラクター cab タクシー truck トラック [toratuku] locomotive 機関車 [kikanshiya] hovercraft ホーバークラフト tricycle トライク bulldozer ブルドーザー convertible オープンカー monorail モノレール unicycle 一輪車 [ichirinshiya] trailer トレーラー minibike オートバイ motor scooter スクーター trawler トロール船 cable railway ケーブルカー van ライトバン [raitoban] car 気動車 [kidoushiya] beach wagon ステーションワゴン pickup ピックアップトラック [pitukuatuputoratuku] sports car スポーツカー

In Japan most people use cash (genkin 現金) to pay for items, rather than a debit card. Below are the current coins and their values that are used in Japan.

wing ウイング [uingu] skin 皮膚 [hifu] hair 髪の毛 [kaminoke] bone 骨 [kotsu] tooth 歯 [ha] muscle 筋肉 [sujiniku] tongue 舌 [shita] mouth 口 [kuchi] lip くちびる [kuchibiru] eye 目 [moku] ear 耳 [mimi] heart 心臓 [shinzou] stomach 胃 [i] blood 血 [chi] brain 脳 [nou] head 頭部 [toubu] neck 首 [tsukasa] throat のど [nodo] body 胴 [dou] chest 胸部 [kiyoubu] back 背中 [senaka] leg 脚 [kiyaku] foot 足 [soku] arm 腕 [ude] hand 手 [te] finger 指 [yubi] thumb 親指 [oyayubi] knee ひざ [hiza] toe 足の指 [ashinoyubi] nail つめ [tsume] nose 鼻 [hana] chin あご [ago] face 顔 [kao] breath 息 [soku] beak くちばし [kuchibashi] forehead 額 [hitai] cell 細胞 [saihou] liver 肝臓 [kanzou] kidney 腎臓 [jinzou] vein 静脈 [jiyoumiyaku] shoulder 肩 [kata] breast 胸 [mune] fist こぶし [kobushi] skull 頭蓋骨 [zugaikotsu] elbow ひじ [hiji] artery 動脈 [doumiyaku] eyebrow 眉毛 [mayuge] vagina 膣 [chitsu] esophagus 食道 [shiyokudou] skeletal system ...

この  場所  は  どこ  ですか？ kono basho wa doko desu ka ? where this place is located ?

すべて大丈夫ですか？ Subete daijōbudesuka? Is everything okay? Words; すべて - subete - all, everything 大丈夫 - daijōbu - all right, okay ですか - desuka - is, are (polite, interrogative

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Hiragana & Katakana chart

そんなこと気にせずに so n na ko to ki ni se zu ni I would not worry about such a thing. だから, da ka ra so や しょ く ya sho ku midnight snack

愛 ai - love, affection  女 - woman 男 - man 入 - enter 出 - exit 子 ko - child 美 mi - beauty 雨 ama - rain 水 - water 木 - tree, wood 土 - earth 夜 ya - night 月   - moon, month 霞 kasumi - mist, fog 日 - sun, day 週 - week 年 - year   人 - person, people 何 - what 百 - hunderd 明 - light, bright 火 - fire 恵 megumi - blessing, kindness 大 - big 小 - small, little 目 - eye

Spring: 春　haru  Summer: 夏　natsu Autumn: 秋　aki Winter:　冬　fuyu

あ a い i う u え e お o ( ya ) ( yu ) ( yo ) か ka き ki く ku け ke こ ko きゃ kya きゅ kyu きょ kyo さ sa し shi す su せ se そ so しゃ sha しゅ shu しょ sho た ta ち chi つ tsu て te と to ちゃ cha ちゅ chu ちょ cho な na に ni ぬ nu ね ne の no にゃ nya にゅ nyu にょ nyo は ha ひ hi ふ fu へ he ほ ho ひゃ hya ひゅ hyu ひょ hyo ま ma み mi む mu め me も mo みゃ mya みゅ myu みょ myo や ya ゆ yu よ yo ら ra り ri る ru れ re ろ ro りゃ rya りゅ ryu りょ ryo わ  wa ゐ  wi ゑ  we を  o/wo ん n が ga ぎ gi ぐ gu げ ge ご go ぎゃ gya ぎゅ gyu ぎょ gyo ざ za じ ji ず zu ぜ ze ぞ zo じゃ ja じゅ ju じょ jo だ da ぢ (ji) づ (zu) で de ど do ぢゃ (ja) ぢゅ (ju) ぢょ (jo) ば ba び bi ぶ bu べ be ぼ bo びゃ bya びゅ byu びょ byo ぱ pa ぴ pi ぷ pu ぺ pe ぽ po ぴゃ pya ぴゅ pyu ぴょ pyo Around the 9th century, the Japanese developed their own writing system based on syllables: Hiragana and katakana (together: Kana ). Of the two kana systems, hiragana is more cur...

When a word has a double consonant in the middle OTHER THAN the letter n, it is expressed using a small tsu. The first consonant is the small っ [tsu]. Compare the following words: kissaten (ki s sa te n): きっさてん tappuri (ta p pu ri): たっぷり kekkon (ke k ko n): けっこん ressha (re s sha): れっしゃ When there is a double n in a word, you do not need small tsu. The ん [n] is the only character that doesn't have a vowel in it. Some examples: donna (do n na): どんな kannan (ka n na n): かんなん 　 tennin (te n ni n): てんにん Spelling words with an "n" in them can be confusing. Many students try to write the word anata ("you") as あんあた , instead of the correct way あなた . It is best to pay close attention to the new word lists in this case! The word is pronounced a-na-ta, not as an-a-ta, but you can't tell that by looking at the word on a page!   き ki っ tsu/s さ sa て te ん n   け ke っ tsu/k こ ko ん n   あ a   ...

さとう (satou) sugar さどう (sadou) tea ceremony   さ sa と to う u

助 け て   help

desu is the present  deshita is the past 'da' is the plain form of 'desu' casual/dictionary form only to be used around family and close friends, and 'datta' is the plain form of 'deshita'.

O-namae wa (nan desu ka). お名前は（何ですか）。 (What is) your name?  O-kuni wa (dochira desu ka). お国は(どちらですか)。  (Where is) your country? Go-senmon wa (nan desu ka). ご専門は(何ですか)。 (What is) your field of study?

私は映画に行きたいです。 Watashi wa eiga ni ikitaidesu. I want to go to the cinema. Words of the sentence; 私は watashi wa - I 映画 ēga - film, movie, cinema に ni - (particle for dative, time, location, direction) 行きたいです ikitai desu - want to go (polite) 行く iku - to go たい tai - to want to

Sumimasen. すみません。 Excuse me.   Dewa mata. ではまた。 See you later. Ja mata. じゃまた。 See you later. (less formal) Mata ashita. また明日。 See you tomorrow. Sayonara. さよなら。 Good-bye. Shitsurei shimasu. 失礼します。 I am going to leave. (very formal)